Antenna device

ABSTRACT

An antenna device includes a radio frequency (RF) die, a first dielectric layer, a feeding line, a ground line, a second dielectric layer, and a radiating element. The first dielectric layer is over the RF die. The feeding line is in the first dielectric layer and is connected to the RF die. The ground line is in the first dielectric layer and is spaced apart from the feeding line. The second dielectric layer covers the first dielectric layer. The radiating element is over the second dielectric layer and is not in physically contact with the feeding line.

PRIORITY CLAIM AND CROSS-REFERENCE

This present application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 17/013,300, filed on Sep. 4, 2020, which is aContinuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/245,022,filed on Aug. 23, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,770,795, issued on Sep. 8,2020, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.62/342,735, filed May 27, 2016, which are herein incorporated byreference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

A system in package (SiP) is a number of integrated circuits enclosed ina single module. The SiP may perform several functions of an electronicdevice, and is typically used inside a mobile phone, digital musicplayer, etc. Dies in a SiP may be stacked on a substrate and connectedby conductive wires. Alternatively, with flip chip technology, solderbumps may be used to join stacked chips together. This means that amultifunctional unit may be built in a multi-chip package, so that fewexternal components need to be added to make it work.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the followingdetailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It isnoted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry,various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of thevarious features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity ofdiscussion.

FIG. 1 is a top view of an antenna device according to some embodimentsof the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna device taken along line2 of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a first antenna of FIG. 1 ;

FIGS. 4-13 are cross-sectional views of a method for manufacturing anantenna device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a top view of the first antenna of FIG. 13 ;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the first antenna taken along line15 of FIG. 14 ;

FIGS. 16-21 are top views of first antennas according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 22-26 are cross-sectional views of the method for manufacturingthe antenna device after the step of FIG. 13 ;

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 31 is a partially cross-sectional view of a radiating elementaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 32 is a top view of a redistribution layer, a ground element, and aradiating element according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the redistribution layer, the groundelement, and the radiating element of FIG. 32 ;

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a redistribution layer, a groundelement, and a radiating element according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a redistribution layer, a groundelement, and a radiating element according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 36 is a top view of a redistribution layer, a ground element, aradiating element, and a director according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure; and

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the redistribution layer, the groundelement, the radiating element, and the director of FIG. 36 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, orexamples, for implementing different features of the provided subjectmatter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are describedbelow to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merelyexamples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formationof a first feature over or on a second feature in the description thatfollows may include embodiments in which the first and second featuresare formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in whichadditional features may be formed between the first and second features,such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Inaddition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/orletters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose ofsimplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationshipbetween the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.

Further, spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,”“above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease ofdescription to describe one element or feature's relationship to anotherelement(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatiallyrelative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of thedevice in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted inthe figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degreesor at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors usedherein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.

FIG. 1 is a top view of an antenna device 100 according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional viewof the antenna device 100 taken along line 2 of FIG. 1 . As shown inFIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the antenna device 100 includes a package 110 and atleast one first antenna 120. The package 110 includes at least one radiofrequency (RF) die 114 and a molding compound 116, and the moldingcompound 116 is in contact with at least one sidewall 111 of the RF die114. The molding compound 116 has at least one through hole 112 therein.The first antenna 120 has at least one conductor 122. The conductor 122is present in the through hole 112 of the molding compound 116 and isoperatively connected to the RF die 114. In other words, the firstantenna 120 has at least one conductive feature or conductive via (i.e.,the conductor 122) that is present in the molding compound 116.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the first antenna 120 of FIG. 1 . Asshown in FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, the first antenna 120 is a dipoleantenna. The dipole antenna includes two conductors 122 in the moldingcompound 116. The top-view shape of at least one of the conductors 122is substantially L-shaped. That is, the conductors 122 are L-shapedconductive walls in the molding compound 116. In some embodiments, atleast one of the conductors 122 includes a radiating element 122 r and aconnection element 122 c. The connection element 122 c is connected tothe radiating element 122 r to form the L-shaped conductive wall.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , since the RF die 114 is disposed in themolding compound 116, miniaturization of the antenna device 100 can beachieved. In some embodiments, the total thickness of the antenna device100 may be in a range from about 400 μm to about 700 μm, such as 600 μm.

The RF die 114 may be, for example, a millimeter wave (MMW)semiconductor chip, such as a 60 GHz RF chip, which can be used in aWiFi communication module. Moreover, the antenna device 100 may includeother types of dies (not shown) therein to increase other functions. Asa result of such a configuration, the antenna device 100 is a MMW systemin package (SiP).

In some embodiments, the first antenna 120 further includes at least onedirector 125 present adjacent to the radiating elements 122 r, and theradiating elements 122 r are present between the director 125 and the RFdie 114 (FIG. 1 ). The top-view shape of the director 125 issubstantially straight, and the director 125 is a conductive wall in themolding compound 116. The director 125 may increase the gain of thefirst antenna 120 at high frequency.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the antenna device 100 further includes at leastone dielectric layer 150 a over the RF die 114 and the molding compound116. Moreover, the antenna device 100 further includes at least oneredistribution layer 160 a in the dielectric layer 150 a andelectrically connecting the RF die 114 and the conductors 122 of thefirst antenna 120. The RF die 114 has two opposite surfaces 117, 118.The RF die 114 has at least one conductive pillar 115 on the surface 118of the RF die 114 facing the dielectric layer 150 a. The redistributionlayer 160 a is electrically connected to the conductive pillar 115 ofthe RF die 114. The connection element 122 c (FIG. 3 ) of the conductor122 is electrically connected to the redistribution layer 160 a, suchthat the first antenna 120 is electrically connected to the RF die 114.In other words, the RF die 114 may receive signals from the firstantenna 120 through the redistribution layer 160 a, or may send signalsto the first antenna 120 through the redistribution layer 160 a. Sincethere is no solder bump between the RF die 114 and the radiatingelements 122 r (FIG. 3 ) of the first antenna 120, power consumptionbetween the RF die 114 and the first antenna 120 may be reduced.

In some embodiments, the antenna device 100 may further include at leastone second antenna, and the second antenna includes at least one feedingline 162, at least one ground element 164, at least one dielectric layer150 b, and at least one radiating element 140. The feeding line 162 andthe ground element 164 may be present in different layers.Alternatively, in some embodiments, the feeding line 162 and the groundelement 164 may be substantially coplanar or in the same layer, and thefeeding line 162 and the ground element 164 may be portions of theredistribution layer 160 a. The feeding line 162 is present in thedielectric layer 150 a and is electrically connected to the RF die 114.The ground element 164 is present in the dielectric layer 150 a and hasat least one aperture 166 therein, and a projection of the radiatingelement 140 on the ground element 164 overlaps with the aperture 166 ofthe ground element 164. The dielectric layer 150 b is over the groundelement 164 and the dielectric layer 150 a. The radiating element 140 ispresent on the dielectric layer 150 b, and the radiating element 140 isoperatively connected to the RF die 114. Through such a configuration,the ground element 164 is used as a ground plane for the radiatingelement 140, and the radiating element 140, the ground element 164, andthe feed line 162 may function as a patch antenna. For example, an areaA shown in FIG. 2 may be regarded as a patch antenna.

When the antenna device 100 is in operation, the RF die 114 may receivesignals from the radiating element 140 through the feeding line 162, ormay send signals to the radiating element 140 through the feeding line162. Since there is no solder bump between the RF die 114 and theradiating element 140, power consumption between the RF die 114 and thepatch antenna (i.e., the area A including the feeding line 162, theground element 164, and the radiating element 140) may be reduced.

In some embodiments, the antenna device 100 may further include adielectric layer 150 c. The dielectric layer 150 c is over thedielectric layer 150 b, and the radiating element 140 is present in thedielectric layer 150 c. The dielectric layer 150 c may prevent twoadjacent radiating elements 140 from being in electrical contact witheach other.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the antenna device 100 includes plural firstantennas 120 and plural radiating elements 140, and the first antennas120 are arranged adjacent to the edges of the molding compound 116, suchthat the radiating elements 140 are surrounded by the first antennas120, and the size of the antenna device 100 may be reduced. It is to benoted that the number of the first antennas 120 and the number of theradiating elements 140 shown in FIG. 1 are for illustration, and variousembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the antenna device 100 may further include athermal plate 180. The thermal plate 180 is thermally coupled with thesurface 117 of the RF die 114 facing away from the dielectric layer 150a, for example, through a thermal interface material 36. The surface 117is at the rear side of the RF die 114.

Furthermore, the antenna device 100 may further include at least onebuffer layer 24 and UBM (under-bump metallurgy) layers 191. The bufferlayer 24 is present on the surface 117 of the package 110 facing awayfrom the dielectric layer 150 a, and the UBM layers 191 are present inthe buffer layer 24, in which some of the UBM layers 191 are in contactwith the thermal plate 180, and some of the UBM layers 191 are incontact with through integrated fan-out vias (TIVs) 121.

Thermally conductive bumps 190 and electrical connectors 195 arerespectively present on the UBM layers 191, in which the electricalconnectors 195 are electrically connected to the TIVs 121 and thethermally conductive bumps 190 are thermally coupled with the thermalplate 180. The thermal plate 180 may transfer heat from the RF die 114to the thermally conductive bump 190, thereby reducing the workingtemperature of the RF die 114. In some embodiments, the thermal plate180 may cover the surface 117 of the RF die 114. In other words, thearea of the thermal plate 180 may be substantially the same as or largerthan the area of the surface 117 of the RF die 114. As a result of sucha design, the RF die 114 may have a large area through which thermalspreading occurs via the thermal plate 180 and the thermally conductivebump 190, which are present under and adjacent to the RF die 114.

FIGS. 4-13 are cross-sectional views of a method for manufacturing anantenna device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.Referring to FIG. 4 , an adhesive layer 22 is formed on a carrier 230.The carrier 230 may be a blank glass carrier, a blank ceramic carrier,or the like. The adhesive layer 22 may be made of an adhesive, such asultra-violet (UV) glue, light-to-heat conversion (LTHC) glue, or thelike, although other types of adhesives may be used. A buffer layer 24is formed over the adhesive layer 22. The buffer layer 24 is adielectric layer, which may be a polymer layer. The polymer layer mayinclude, for example, polyimide, polybenzoxazole (PBO), benzocyclobutene(BCB), an ajinomoto buildup film (ABF), a solder resist film (SR), orthe like. The buffer layer 24 is a substantially planar layer having asubstantially uniform thickness, in which the thickness may be greaterthan about 2 μm, and may be in a range from about 2 μm to about 40 μm.In some embodiments, top and bottom surfaces of the buffer layer 110 arealso substantially planar. Thereafter, the thermal plate 180 is formedand patterned on the buffer layer 24. The thermal plate 180 may be madeof a material including copper, silver, or gold.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a seed layer 26 is formed on the buffer layer 24and the thermal plate 180, for example, through physical vapordeposition (PVD) or metal foil laminating. The seed layer 26 may includecopper, copper alloy, aluminum, titanium, titanium alloy, orcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, the seed layer 26 includes atitanium layer and a copper layer over the titanium layer. Inalternative embodiments, the seed layer 26 is a copper layer.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a photo resist 28 is applied over the seed layer26 and is then patterned. As a result, openings 30 are formed in thephoto resist 28, through which some portions of the seed layer 26 areexposed.

As shown in FIG. 7 , conductive features 32 are formed in the photoresist 28 through plating, which may be electro plating or electro-lessplating. The conductive features 32 are plated on the exposed portionsof the seed layer 26. The conductive features 32 may include copper,aluminum, tungsten, nickel, solder, or alloys thereof. Heights of theconductive features 32 are determined by the thickness of thesubsequently placed RF die 114 (FIG. 10 ), with the heights of theconductive features 32 greater than the thickness of the RF die 114 insome embodiments of the present disclosure. After the plating of theconductive features 32, the photo resist 28 is removed, and theresulting structure is shown in FIG. 8 . After the photo resist 28 isremoved, some portions of the seed layer 26 are exposed.

Referring to FIG. 9 , an etch step is carried out to remove the exposedportions of the seed layer 26, in which the etch step may include ananisotropic etching. After the etch step, the thermal plate 180 isexposed. Some portions of the seed layer 26 that are covered by theconductive features 32, on the other hand, remain not etched. Throughoutthe description, the conductive features 32 and the remaining underlyingportions of the seed layer 26 are in combination referred to as throughintegrated fan-out vias (TIVs) 121, which are also referred to asthrough-vias, in which some of the TIVs 121 are formed to be theconductors 122 and the directors 125 of the first antennas 120. Althoughthe seed layer 26 is shown as a layer separate from the conductivefeatures 32, when the seed layer 26 is made of a material similar to orsubstantially the same as the respective overlying conductive features32, the seed layer 26 may be merged with the conductive features 32 withno distinguishable interface therebetween. In alternative embodiments,there exist distinguishable interfaces between the seed layer 26 and theoverlying conductive features 32.

FIG. 10 illustrates placement of the RF die 114 over the thermal plate180. The RF die 114 may be adhered to the thermal plate 180 through thethermal interface material 36. The RF die 114 may be a logic device dieincluding logic transistors therein. The RF die 114 includes asemiconductor substrate (a silicon substrate, for example) that contactsthe thermal interface material 36, in which the back surface of the RFdie 114 is in contact with the thermal interface material 36.

In some embodiments, the conductive pillars 115 (such as copper posts)are formed as the top portions of the RF die 114, and are electricallycoupled to the devices such as transistors (not shown) in the RF die114. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer 38 is formed on the topsurface of the RF die 114, with the conductive pillars 115 having atleast lower portions in the dielectric layer 38. The top surface of theconductive pillars 115 may be substantially level with the top surfacesof the dielectric layer 38 in some embodiments. Alternatively, thedielectric layers are not formed, and the conductive pillars 115protrude from a top dielectric layer (not shown) of the RF die 114.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the molding compound 116 is molded on the RF die114, the TIVs 121, the conductors 122, and the directors 125. Themolding compound 116 fills gaps between the RF die 114, the TIVs 121,the conductors 122, and the directors 125, and may be in contact withthe buffer layer 24. In addition, the molding compound 116 is filledinto gaps between the conductive pillars 115 when the conductive pillars115 are protruding conductive pillars 115 (this arrangement is notshown). The top surface of the molding compound 116 is higher than thetop ends of the conductive pillars 115, the TIVs 121, the conductors122, and the directors 125.

In some embodiments, the molding compound 116 includes a polymer-basedmaterial. The term “polymer” can represent thermosetting polymers,thermoplastic polymers, or combinations thereof. The polymer-basedmaterial can include, for example, plastic materials, epoxy resin,polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polymer components doped with fillersincluding fiber, clay, ceramic, inorganic particles, or combinationsthereof.

Next, a grinding step is carried out to thin the molding compound 116,until the conductive pillars 115, the TIVs 121, the conductors 122, andthe directors 125 are exposed. The resulting structure is shown in FIG.12 , in which the molding compound 116 is in contact with sidewalls ofthe RF die 114, the TIVs 121, the conductors 122, and the directors 125.Due to the grinding, the top ends of the TIVs 121, the conductors 122,and the directors 125 are substantially level (coplanar) with the topends of the conductive pillars 115, and are substantially level(coplanar) with the top surface of the molding compound 116. Thethickness of the molding compound 116 and the thicknesses of the TIVs121, the conductors 122, and the directors 125 are substantially thesame. That is, the TIVs 121, the conductors 122, and the directors 125extend through the molding compound 116. After the grinding, a cleaningmay be carried out, for example, through a wet etching, so thatconductive residues are removed.

Next, referring to FIG. 13 , the redistribution layer 160 a, the feedingline 162, and the ground element 164 are formed over the moldingcompound 116. In accordance with various embodiments, the dielectriclayer 150 a is formed over the RF die 114, the molding compound 116, theTIVs 121, the conductors 122, and the directors 125, with theredistribution layer 160 a, the feeding line 162, and the ground element164 formed in the dielectric layer 150 a. In some embodiments, theformation of the redistribution layer 160 a, the feeding line 162, andthe ground element 164 includes forming a first dielectric layer on thepackage 110, patterning the first dielectric layer, forming theredistribution layer 160 a and the feeding line 162 on the patternedfirst dielectric layer, forming a second dielectric layer on the firstdielectric layer, the redistribution layer 160 a, and the feeding line162, and forming the ground element 164 on the second dielectric layer.Thereafter, a third dielectric layer may be formed to cover the groundelement 164 and the second dielectric layer. The combination of thefirst, second, and third dielectric layer forms the dielectric layer 150a of FIG. 13 .

In some embodiments, the formation of the redistribution layer 160 a,the feeding line 162, and the ground element 164 includes forming ablanket copper seed layer, forming and patterning a mask layer over theblanket copper seed layer, performing a plating to form theredistribution layer 160 a, the feeding line 162, and the ground element164, removing the mask layer, and performing a flash etching to removethe portions of the blanket copper seed layer not covered by theredistribution layer 160 a, the feeding line 162, and the ground element164. In alternative embodiments, the redistribution layer 160 a, thefeeding line 162, and the ground element 164 are formed by depositing atleast one metal layer, patterning the metal layer, and filling gapsbetween the patterned metal layer with the dielectric layer 150 a.

The redistribution layer 160 a, the feeding line 162, and the groundelement 164 may include a metal or a metal alloy including aluminum,copper, tungsten, and/or alloys thereof. The dielectric layer 150 a inthese embodiments may include a polymer such as polyimide,benzocyclobutene (BCB), polybenzoxazole (PBO), or the like.Alternatively, the dielectric layer 150 a may include inorganicdielectric materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, siliconcarbide, silicon oxynitride, or the like.

FIG. 14 is a top view of the first antenna 120 of FIG. 13 . FIG. 15 is across-sectional view of the first antenna 120 taken along line 15 ofFIG. 14 . As shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 , the redistribution layers160 a are electrically connected to the connection elements 122 cthrough conductive vias 161. In some embodiments, one director 125 isdisposed adjacent to the radiating elements 122 r, but variousembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard. Inalternative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 16 , two directors 125 aredisposed adjacent to the radiating elements 122 r. In yet alternativeembodiments, as shown in FIG. 17 , no director is disposed adjacent tothe radiating elements 122 r.

Reference is made to FIG. 18 . In some embodiments, included angles θbetween the radiating elements 122 r and the connection elements 122 care greater than about 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the includedangles θ is in a range from about 100 degrees to about 150 degrees, suchas about 120 degrees, but various embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited in this regard. In some embodiments, one director 125 ispresent adjacent to the radiating elements 122 r, but variousembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard. Inalternative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 19 , no director is disposedadjacent to the radiating elements 122 r.

As shown in FIG. 20 , in some embodiments, the connection elements 122 care absent from the conductors 122, and the redistribution layers 160 aare electrically connected to the radiating elements 122 r at endportions of the radiating elements 122 r. Each of the conductors 122shown in FIG. 20 may have a straight top shape. In some embodiments, onedirector 125 is present adjacent to the radiating elements 122 r, butvarious embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in thisregard. In alternative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 21 , threedirectors 125 are present adjacent to the radiating elements 122 r.

Referring to FIG. 22 , the dielectric layer 150 b is formed on thedielectric layer 150 a. In some embodiments, the dielectric layer 150 bis molded on the dielectric layer 150 a and then is ground to thin thedielectric layer 150 b. The dielectric layer 150 b may include a moldingcompound, such as plastic materials, epoxy resin, polyimide,polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polymer components doped with fillersincluding fiber, clay, ceramic, inorganic particles, or combinationsthereof.

Referring to FIG. 23 , the dielectric layer 150 c with the radiatingelements 140 therein is formed on the dielectric layer 150 b, such thatthe dielectric layer 150 b is present between the dielectric layer 150 aand the dielectric layer 150 c. As a result, the radiating elements 140are present above the RF die 114 and the molding compound 116, and theradiating elements 140, the ground element 164, and the feeding line 162may function as patch antennas. In some embodiments, the radiatingelements 140 may be formed by electroplating or deposition, but variousembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.

Referring to FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 , after the radiating elements 140 andthe dielectric layer 150 c are formed on the dielectric layer 150 b, thepackage 110 is de-bonded from the carrier 230. The adhesive layer 22 isalso cleaned from the package 110. Thereafter, the structure de-bondedfrom the carrier 230 is further adhered to another carrier 240, in whichthe dielectric layer 150 c faces toward, and may contact, the carrier240.

Referring to FIG. 25 , openings are formed in the buffer layer 24, andthen the UBM layer 191 is optionally formed in the openings of thebuffer layer 24. In some embodiments, some portions of the UBM layer 191are formed on the thermal plate 180, and some portions of the UBM layer191 are formed on the TIVs 121. In accordance with some embodiments, theopenings are formed in the buffer layer 24 through laser drill, althoughphotolithography processes may also be used.

Next, referring to FIG. 26 , the thermally conductive bumps 190 and theelectrical connectors 195 are formed on the UBM layer 191. Formation ofthe thermally conductive bumps 190 and the electrical connectors 195 mayinclude placing solder balls on the UBM layer 191 (or the exposedthermal plate 180 and TIVs 121 (if the UBM layer 191 is not formed), andthen reflowing the solder balls.

After the thermally conductive bumps 190 and the electrical connectors195 are formed, the carrier 240 is removed, and a singulation process iscarried out to saw the structure of FIG. 26 , such that at least oneantenna device 100 of FIG. 2 is formed.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device 100 a accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, theantenna device 100 a further includes dielectric layers 150 d, 150 e andat least one director 125 a. The dielectric layer 150 d is present overthe dielectric layer 150 c and the radiating element 140, and thedielectric layer 150 e is present over the dielectric layer 150 d. Thedirector 125 a is present in the dielectric layer 150 e and overlapswith the radiating element 140. The director 125 a may increase the gainof the patch antenna (e.g., the area A including the feeding line 162,the ground element 164, and the radiating element 140) at highfrequency. In some embodiments, the dielectric layer 150 d may be madeof a dielectric material, such as low dissipation factor (Df) materials,glass, organic materials, or the like. In some alternative embodiments,the dielectric layer 150 d is made of a molding compound.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device 100 b accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure. The antenna device 100 bfurther includes a surface-mount device 210 (SMD). The surface-mountdevice 210 is disposed on the buffer layer 24. In some embodiments, thethermal plate 180 is present above the surface-mount device 210. Thesurface-mount device 210 may be a passive component, such as a resistor,a capacitor, or an inductor, but various embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited in this regard.

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device 100 c accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, thedielectric layer 150 b is not made of a molding compound. That is, thedielectric layer 150 b and the molding compound 116 are made ofdifferent materials. The dielectric layer 150 b may be made of, forexample, low dissipation factor (Df) materials, glass, organicmaterials, or the like. In some embodiments, the dissipation factor ofthe dielectric layer 150 b is smaller than about 0.01, but variousembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna device 100 d accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure. The RF die 114 a shown inFIG. 30 faces away from the dielectric layer 150 a. That is, the lowersurface 118 is the front side of the RF die 114 a. The thermal interfacematerial 36 a is disposed on the surface 117 of the RF die 114 a facingthe dielectric layer 150 a. In some embodiments, the ground element 164in the dielectric layer 150 a may be used as a thermal plate to expandthermal spreading area, and heat generated from the RF die 114 a maytransfer to the ground element 164 through the thermal interfacematerial 36 a and then further transfer to the electrical connectors 195through the TIVs 121 and the UBM layer 191.

FIG. 31 is a partially cross-sectional view of a radiating element 122 raccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In someembodiments, the radiating element 122 r includes plural TIVs 122 t,plural sections of the redistribution layer 160 a, and plural sectionsof redistribution layer 160 b. The TIVs 122 t are interconnected by thesections of the redistribution layer 160 a and the sections of theredistribution layer 160 b to form the radiating element 122 r. As aresult of such a configuration, a top view size of the radiating element122 r may be reduced because the radiating element 122 r has at leastthe TIVs 122 t longitudinally extending through the molding compound116.

In some embodiments, the second antenna, e.g. the patch antenna, is atleast partially formed in molding compound 116 as well. FIG. 32 is a topview of the redistribution layer 160 a, the ground element 164 a, andthe radiating element 140 a according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the redistribution layer160 a, the ground element 164 a, and the radiating element 140 a of FIG.32 . As shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 , the radiating element 140 a and theground element 164 a are conductive walls in the molding compound 116,and the top-view shape of the ground element 164 a and the top-viewshape of the radiating element 140 a are straight. The radiating element140 a and the ground element 164 a are separated by at least a portionof the molding compound 116. The redistribution layer 160 a iselectrically connected to the radiating element 140 a through a via 161a. As a result of such a configuration, the radiating element 140 a andthe ground element 164 a in the molding compound 116 may function as apatch antenna. In some embodiments, the radiating element 140 a may besubstantially parallel with the ground element 164 a, but variousembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 34 , another ground element 164 bis formed in the dielectric layer 150 b. The ground element 164 b iselectrically connected to the ground element 164 a through vias 161 b inthe dielectric layer 150 a.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 35 , another radiating element 140b is formed in the dielectric layer 150 b. The radiating element 140 bis electrically connected to the radiating element 140 a through vias161 c in the dielectric layer 150 a.

In some embodiments, the second antenna has at least one directorpresent adjacent to the radiating element 140 a. FIG. 36 is a top viewof the redistribution layer 160 a, the ground element 164 a, theradiating element 140 a, and the director 125 b according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 37 is a perspective view ofthe redistribution layer 160 a, the ground element 164 a, the radiatingelement 140 a, and the director 125 b of FIG. 36 . In some embodiments,as shown in FIG. 36 and the FIG. 37 , the director 125 b is presentadjacent to the radiating element 140 a, in which the radiating element140 a is present between the director 125 b and the ground element 164a. The director 125 b is a conductive wall in the molding compound 116,and the top-view shape of the director 125 b may be, for example,straight. The director 125 b may increase the gain of the second antennaat high frequency. In some embodiments, one director 125 b is disposedadjacent to the radiating element 140 a, but various embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited in this regard. In alternativeembodiments, two or more directors are disposed adjacent to theradiating element 140 a.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by at least partiallyembedding the antenna in the molding compound, the antenna can have atleast one thick portion. The thick portion of the antenna can increasethe efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, anantenna device includes a package, a radiating element, and a director.The package includes a radio frequency (RF) die and a molding compoundin contact with a sidewall of the RF die. The radiating element is inthe molding compound and electrically coupled to the RF die. Thedirector is in the molding compound, wherein the radiating element isbetween the director and the RF die, and a top of the radiating elementis substantially coplanar with a top of the director.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, anantenna device includes a package, a first dielectric layer, a feedingline, a ground element, a second dielectric layer, and a radiatingelement. The package includes a radio frequency (RF) die and a moldingcompound surrounds the RF die. The first dielectric layer is over the RFdie and the molding compound. The feeding line is in the firstdielectric layer. The ground element is in the first dielectric layer.The second dielectric layer is over the ground element. The radiatingelement on the second dielectric layer and electrically coupled to theRF die, wherein the ground element is between the radiating element andthe feeding line.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a methodfor manufacturing an antenna device includes forming a first opening anda second opening in a photo resist on a seed layer; simultaneouslyplating a conductor and a director on the seed layer and respectively inthe first and second openings of the photo resist, wherein the conductorhas a different top-view shape from the director; removing the photoresist and portions of the seed layer underlying the photo resist suchthat a buffer layer is exposed; placing a radio frequency (RF) die onthe buffer layer; and forming a molding compound to surround the RF die,the conductor, and the director.

Although the present disclosure has been described in considerabledetail with reference to certain embodiments thereof, other embodimentsare possible. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claimsshould not be limited to the description of the embodiments containedherein.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made to the structure of the presentdisclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure.In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present disclosurecover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they fallwithin the scope of the following claims.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that thoseskilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the presentdisclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they mayreadily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifyingother processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/orachieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein.Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalentconstructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, andalterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An antenna device, comprising: a radio frequency(RF) die; a first dielectric layer over the RF die; a feeding line inthe first dielectric layer and connected to the RF die; a ground line inthe first dielectric layer and spaced apart from the feeding line; asecond dielectric layer covering the first dielectric layer; and aradiating element over the second dielectric layer and not in physicallycontact with the feeding line.
 2. The antenna device of claim 1, whereinthe ground line has an opening entirely filled by the first dielectriclayer, and the opening is directly between the radiating element and thefeeding line.
 3. The antenna device of claim 1, wherein the radiatingelement is spaced apart from the second dielectric layer.
 4. The antennadevice of claim 1, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises plasticmaterials, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET),polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polymercomponents doped with fillers including fiber, clay, ceramic, inorganicparticles, or combinations thereof.
 5. The antenna device of claim 1,wherein a thickness of the second dielectric layer is greater than athickness of the first dielectric layer.
 6. The antenna device of claim1, further comprising a molding compound surrounding the RF die.
 7. Theantenna device of claim 6, further comprising a thermal plate under theRF die and surrounded by the molding compound.
 8. An antenna device,comprising: a radio frequency (RF) die; a molding compound surroundingthe RF die; a conductor embedded in the molding compound and connectedto the RF die; and a director embedded in the molding compound andspaced apart from the conductor, wherein the conductor is directlybetween the director and the RF die, and the conductor and the directorhave substantially the same thickness.
 9. The antenna device of claim 8,wherein the conductor is L-shaped in a top view.
 10. The antenna deviceof claim 8, further comprising a thermal plate under the RF die andembedded in the molding compound.
 11. The antenna device of claim 8,further comprising a feeding line interconnecting the RF die and theconductor.
 12. The antenna device of claim 11, wherein the feeding lineis spaced apart from the director.
 13. The antenna device of claim 8,further comprising a through integrated fan-out via (TIV) embedded inthe molding compound.
 14. The antenna device of claim 13, wherein theconductor is between the TIV and the director.
 15. An antenna device,comprising: a molding compound; a radio frequency (RF) die embedded inthe molding compound; a feeding line connected to the RF die; a firstdielectric layer covering the RF die and the molding compound and spacedapart from the feeding line; and a ground line embedded in the firstdielectric layer, wherein the RF die is directly between the feedingline and the ground line.
 16. The antenna device of claim 15, furthercomprising a through integrated fan-out via (TIV) embedded in themolding compound and connected to the ground line.
 17. The antennadevice of claim 16, wherein the TIV is spaced apart from the feedingline.
 18. The antenna device of claim 15, further comprising: a seconddielectric layer over the first dielectric layer; and a director overthe second dielectric layer and directly over the ground line.
 19. Theantenna device of claim 18, wherein the first dielectric layer and thesecond dielectric layer comprise different materials.
 20. The antennadevice of claim 15, wherein the feeding line is spaced apart from themolding compound.